How it works
Conventional radiotherapy uses X-rays (photons), which deposit dose along their whole path through the body. Protons and carbon ions release most of their energy at a defined depth, known as the Bragg peak, and then stop, so less radiation reaches tissue beyond the tumor. Carbon ions are also biologically more potent, which may help with some tumors that respond poorly to conventional radiation.
When it may be considered
- Tumors close to critical structures such as the brainstem, spinal cord or optic nerves, for example skull-base tumors.
- Some childhood cancers, to reduce the risk of long-term side effects.
- Selected recurrent tumors that need re-irradiation.
- Some tumors that are resistant to conventional radiotherapy.
Particle therapy is not better for every cancer, and the evidence differs by tumor type.
Particle therapy in China
China has a small but growing number of proton and carbon-ion centers. The Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center was the first in China able to treat with both.
What to send for an assessment
The pathology report, recent MRI, CT or PET-CT images (ideally in DICOM format), and full records of any previous radiotherapy, including treatment plans and doses.
Cost
Typical range: CN¥278,000 – CN¥330,000
About $39,200 – $46,500 at current exchange rates.
Basis: RMB 278,000 flat fee per course of proton or carbon-ion radiotherapy at Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center; about RMB 330,000 average total bill including hospital stay, tests and nursing. Not covered by China’s basic medical insurance. Source: Beijing News (June 18, 2025). Sources
Where it is available
Frequently asked questions
Is particle therapy better than conventional radiotherapy?
Not in every case. It can help when a tumor is close to sensitive structures or when re-irradiation is needed, but for many cancers modern X-ray radiotherapy works equally well. A radiation oncologist needs to assess your case.
How long would I need to stay?
Treatment is usually given on weekdays over several weeks, plus time for assessment and planning before the first session. We give a personal estimate after the center reviews your records.